What is gum disease?
Gum disease, as the name suggests, is a medical condition affecting the gums (gingival tissues) in your mouth. It begins when a whitish film called plaque accumulates on your teeth and gum line. Over time, the plaque interacts with saliva and calcifies into a hard, yellowish substance called tartar or calculus. The germs in plaque and tartar damage your gum tissues.
Your body induces an inflammatory reaction to fight off the bacterial infection on your gums. It sends white blood cells to the infected sites to destroy the harmful bacteria, making your gums bleed while brushing. If bacterial infection and inflammation persist, you may eventually suffer from advanced periodontitis, which will also affect the surrounding ligaments and bone tissues.